UDUMBARA
Udumbara consists of dried bark of Ficus racemosa Linn. Syn. Ficus glomerata Roxb. (Fam. Moracem), a large deciduous tree distributed all over india, found throughout the year, grows in evergreen forests, moist localities and bank of streams to the elevation of 1800 m, often cultivated in villages for shade and its edible fruits.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Sadaphala
Assamese : Jangedumuru, Yagyadimru
Bengali : Jagnadumur, Yagnadumur
English : Cluster Fig. Country fig.
Gujrati : Umbro, Umerdo, Umardo, Umarado
Hindi : Gulara, Gular
Kannada : Attihanninamara, Oudumbara, Athimara, Attigida
Kashmiri : Rumbal
Malayalam : Athi
Marathi : Atti, Gular, Umber
Oriya : Jajnadimbri, Dimbiri
Punjabi : Kath Gular, Gular
Tamil : Atti
Telugu : Atti, Medi
Urdu : Gular
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Bark greyish-green, surface soft and uneven, 0.5-1.8 cm thick, on rubbing white papery flakes come out from outer surface, inner surface light brown, fracture fibrous, taste, mucilaginous without any characteristic odour.
b) Microscopic
Transverse section of bark shows cork, 3-6 layers of thin-walled cells filled with brownish content, cork cambium single layered, secondary cortex 6-12 layered, composed of thin-walled rectangular cells arranged regularly, a number of secondary cortex cells contain starch grains and some contain rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate, most of the cells filled with chloroplast giving green appearance, cortex a fairly wide zone composed of circular to oblong, thin-walled cells, containing orange-brown content, most of the cells filled with simple and compound starch grains, a number of cells also contain cubical and rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate, some cortical cells get lignified with pitted walls found scattered singly or in large groups throughout cortical region, secondary phloem a very wide zone composed of parenchyma with patches of sieve tubes, companion cells by medullary rays, phloem parenchyma circular to oval and thin-walled, phloem fibres much elongated, lignified, very heavily thickened and possess a very narrow lumen: medullary rays uni to pentaseriate widen towards peripheral region , a number of ray cells also get lignified and show pitted wall as described above, laticiferous cells also found in phloem region similar to parenchyma but filled with small granular masses, starch grains and rhomboidal crystals of calcium oxalate also found in most of phloem parenchyma and ray cells, cambium, when present, 2-3 layered, of tangentially elongated thin-walled cells.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 14 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
CONSTITUENTS – Tannins.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Kasaya
Guna : Guru, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Kaphapittasamaka, Medohara, Mutrasangrahaniya, Vranasodhaka, Vranaropaka, Raktastambhana.
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Nyagrodhadi Kvatha Curna, Mutrasangrahaniya Kasaya Curna
THERAPEUTIC USES – Daha, Medoroga, Raktapitta, Yonidosa
DOSE – 3-6 g of the drug in powder form.
20-30 g of the drug for decoction.
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